11/14/22

In final week of COP27 talks, success hinges on ‘loss and damage’

A picture shows the entrance of the Sharm El Sheikh International Convention Centre, in Egypt's Red Sea resort of the same name, on Nov 7, 2022, during the 2022 United Nations Climate Change Conference, more commonly known as COP27. (LUDOVIC MARIN / AFP)

SHARM EL SHEIKH, Egypt – This year's COP27 climate summit in Egypt headed into its final week on Monday with nearly 200 countries racing to strike a deal to steer the world towards cutting planet-warming emissions and scale up finance for countries being ravaged by climate impacts.

Following a first week of talks that left much unresolved – and featured speeches from dozens of world leaders, but scant announcements of new funding or pledges to cut emissions faster – negotiators now face a mammoth list of items on which to clinch deals by Friday

Some negotiators and observers warn that failure to agree on such "loss and damage" funding could sour the UN talks and thwart other deals. The issue has leapt to the top of political priorities at COP27 after more than 130 developing counties successfully demanded it was added to the agenda for the first time.

Following a first week of talks that left much unresolved – and featured speeches from dozens of world leaders, but scant announcements of new funding or pledges to cut emissions faster – negotiators now face a mammoth list of items on which to clinch deals by Friday.

"It's all constructive, but I don't think it's come through as responding with the transformational urgency that people expect," said Tom Evans, a policy analyst for the E3G non-profit think tank, of commitments announced at COP27 so far.

Announcements so far include a few hundred million dollars of funding for poorer nations pledged by Germany, Austria, the United States and others, far off the hundreds of billions that vulnerable countries need to cope with escalating droughts, floods and rising seas each year.

ALSO READ: COP27 talks: Slow progress stokes worry over final deal

This picture taken on Oct 31, 2022 shows an aerial view of the drying-up marshes of Chibayish in Iraq's southern Dhi Qar province. (ASAAD NIAZI / AFP)

No backsliding

Government ministers take over the negotiations in Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt, on Monday to hunt for a deal that attempts to avoid any weakening of ambition to address climate change, even as governments firefight multiple crises, from rampant inflation to the conflict in Ukraine – which some officials expect European delegates to bring up during negotiations this week.

Some negotiators said progress towards deals had stuttered in recent days, after the summit's early breakthrough in agreeing to discuss funding to help vulnerable countries cope with damage from floods, drought and other climate impacts – the politically contentious issue known as loss and damage

At last year's UN climate summit all countries agreed to set tougher climate targets this year to keep average global temperature rises to the 1.5C limit that scientists say would avoid global warming’s worst impacts.

Faced with a global energy crisis and looming economic downturn, only around 30 have done so.

Some negotiators said progress towards deals had stuttered in recent days, after the summit's early breakthrough in agreeing to discuss funding to help vulnerable countries cope with damage from floods, drought and other climate impacts – the politically contentious issue known as loss and damage.

"Discussions on loss and damage have been weak, with not much progress made," said Omar Alcock, a negotiator for Jamaica, one of more than 130 developing and climate-vulnerable countries who demand that countries agree at COP27 to launch a new loss and damage fund.

ALSO READ: Climate urgency stressed at COP27

The issue risks souring the talks and slowing progress on other potential deals.

The 27-country European Union has said it is now open to discussing such a fund, but along with the United States, refuses any outcome that could make rich nations legally liable to pay for climate-related damage, based on their high historical greenhouse gas emissions.

"It's a well known fact that the United States and many other countries will not establish … some sort of legal structure that is tied to compensation or liability. That's just not happening," US climate envoy John Kerry told the conference on Saturday.

Sunflowers suffer from lack of water, as Europe is under an unusually extreme heat wave, in Ury, south of Paris, France on Aug 8, 2022. (AURELIEN MORISSARD / AP)

The 27-country European Union has said it is now open to discussing such a fund, but along with the United States, refuses any outcome that could make rich nations legally liable to pay for climate-related damage, based on their high historical greenhouse gas emissions

Mohamed Adow, director of Nairobi-based think-tank Power Shift Africa and an observer in the COP27 negotiations, said the lack of progress so far amounted to "a betrayal of vulnerable communities and countries".

ALSO READ: Climate disasters put plight of displaced in COP27 focus

India's fossil phase down push

Rifts are emerging in other negotiation rooms over the so-called cover texts that will form the core political deal from the summit.

India surprised some countries last week by pushing for a deal to phase down all fossil fuels – rather than just coal, as countries agreed at last year's UN summit.

That would put oil and gas consumer and producers in the spotlight, somewhat easing the focus on nations that, like India, rely heavily on burning coal for energy. Observers in the negotiations said India's proposal is likely to hit resistance from major oil and gas producers like Saudi Arabia.

"That is definitely going to flare up," one observer said.

ALSO READ: COP27: Protesters within UN venue demand climate finance

Some countries are also seeking deals outside of the formal talks, not least because of the failure of past COP agreements to translate into real-world action. Germany and a group of climate-vulnerable countries launched a "Global Shield" scheme on Monday to attempt to improve insurance for climate disaster-prone countries

Meanwhile, the EU wants all countries to agree to hike their emissions-cutting targets in 2023.

"We ran out of time this week, but I am confident that an ambitious outcoming will be forthcoming next week," said Belize negotiator Carlos Fuller, of the plan to launch these progress-tracking meetings.

Egypt's most prominent prisoner Alaa Abd el-Fattah’s escalation of his hunger strike at the start of the summit has also put the host country’s human rights record in focus, threatening to overshadow any deals struck at the two-week event.

Some countries are also seeking deals outside of the formal talks, not least because of the failure of past COP agreements to translate into real-world action. Germany and a group of climate-vulnerable countries launched a "Global Shield" scheme on Monday to attempt to improve insurance for climate disaster-prone countries.

READ MORE: Developing world at COP27 seeks climate finance details

Research published last week during COP27 showed global CO2 emissions are set to rise this year – laying bare the yawning gap between countries’ promises to cut emissions in future years, and their actions today which, if continued, would heat the planet to far beyond the 1.5C goal.



source https://netdace.com/latest-news/in-final-week-of-cop27-talks-success-hinges-on-loss-and-damage/